Type the following commands as root:
cp /etc/localtime /root/old.timezone
rm /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Chicago /etc/localtime
Verify new settings by typing the following two commands:
date
ls -l /etc/localtime
Thats it :)...
Category Archives: News
Find and replace text within a file using commands on Linux
How can I find and replace specific words in a text file using command line?
cd /path/to/your/folder/nikeshshakya
sed -i 's/original/new/g' file.txt
Explanation:
sed = Stream EDitor
-i = in-place (i.e. save back to the original file)
The command string:
s = the substitute command
original = a regular expression describing the word to replace (or just the word itself)
new = the text to replace it with
g = global (i.e. replace all and not just the first occurrence)
file.txt = the file name
Or to make replace on all files on folder
cd /path/to/your/folder/nikeshshakya
sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' *...
How To Create a New User and Grant Permissions in MySQL
In the cases where more restrictions may be required, there are ways to create users with custom permissions.
Let’s start by making a new user within the MySQL shell:
CREATE USER 'nikesh'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
Sadly, at this point newuser has no permissions to do anything with the databases. In fact, if newuser even tries to login (with the password, password), they will not be able to reach the MySQL shell.
Therefore, the first thing to do is to create new database and provide the user with access to that database.
create database nikeshdb;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nikeshdb.* TO 'nikeshshk'@'localhost';
The asterisks in this command refer to table that they can access—this specific command allows to the user to read, edit, execute and perform all tasks across all the databases and tables.
Once you have finalized the permissions that you want...
Ubuntu – ownCloud Secure Access with SSL
Enable ssl
sudo a2enmod ssl
Create new directory for the self signed certificate
sudo mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl
Create the self signed certificate and the server key that protects it, and placing both of them into the new directory
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/apache2/ssl/owncloud.key -out /etc/apache2/ssl/owncloud.crt
Now we setup the certificate
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf
The lines that need changing are the following
ServerName 192.168.1.11:443
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/owncloud.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/owncloud.key
Activate the new vhost
sudo a2ensite default-ssl
Restart apache
sudo service apache2 restart...
Hardening your Apache and PHP on Ubuntu 9.04 Server
You have installed LAMP and OpenSSH on your Ubuntu 9.04 Server. The first thing to do is to harden it in order to avoid some kind of attacks.
You can do the following steps in front of your Ubuntu 9.04 Server or remote access it via OpenSSH.
For OpenSSH, your Ubuntu 9.04 Server is at 192.168.0.10 :
ssh 192.168.0.10 -l nikesh
Step 1 :
The avoid someone to list your files on your Apache directory, you should do the following step.
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default
Add a minus "-" in the front of "Indexes" and it will looking like this :
" :
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK)
RewriteRule .* - [F]
Step 3 :
To avoid HTTP DoS,...
How to Protect your Server Against the Shellshock Bash Vulnerability
On September 24, 2014, a GNU Bash vulnerability, referred to as Shellshock or the "Bash Bug", was disclosed. In short, the vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code given certain conditions, by passing strings of code following environment variable assignments. Because of Bash's ubiquitous status amongst Linux, BSD, and Mac OS X distributions, many computers are vulnerable to Shellshock; all unpatched Bash versions between 1.14 through 4.3 (i.e. all releases until now) are at risk.
The Shellshock vulnerability can be exploited on systems that are running Services or applications that allow unauthorized remote users to assign Bash environment variables. Examples of exploitable systems include the following:
- Apache HTTP Servers that use CGI scripts (via
mod_cgiandmod_cgid) that are written in Bash or launch to Bash subshells - Certain DHCP clients
- OpenSSH servers that use the
ForceCommandcapability - Various network-exposed services that use Bash